Recently, the State Council of China released its inaugural national plan for the development of artificial intelligence, titled "A Development Plan for the New Generation of Artificial Intelligence." This strategic initiative outlines a three-step roadmap for China to become a global leader in AI innovation by the year 2030.
The goal of establishing itself as the premier AI innovation hub worldwide signifies that China's AI industry will reach international competitive parity. It also envisions notable achievements in the smart economy and intelligent society, forming a critical foundation for China’s aspirations to become a front-runner in both technological innovation and economic strength.
Wan Gang, Minister of Science and Technology, highlighted how the new generation of AI is rapidly permeating sectors like manufacturing, fueling the growth of the new economy and accelerating the pace of intelligent transformation. Li Bohu, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, pointed out that we are entering the era of "Internet + Artificial Intelligence + Big Data," with "Wisdom Cloud Manufacturing" serving as a practical extension of cloud computing within the manufacturing domain. This approach aligns with initiatives like "Made in China 2025" and "Internet + Manufacturing," offering a framework for intelligent manufacturing models and strategies.
Experts across the AI sector agree that this phase of AI development is characterized by deep learning, cross-disciplinary integration, human-machine collaboration, open group intelligence, and intelligent operations. Like any disruptive technology, AI carries a high degree of uncertainty, necessitating coordinated planning and scientific guidance.
Despite continuous advancements through national science programs, China still faces gaps compared to leading countries in terms of overall AI capabilities. For instance, there remains a dearth of groundbreaking original research, with significant disparities in foundational theories, core algorithms, key equipment, high-end chips, major products, systems, basic materials, software, and interfaces. Additionally, scientific institutions and businesses have yet to form a cohesive industrial ecosystem or establish a comprehensive, forward-thinking R&D strategy. There is also a severe shortage of top-tier talent in the field.
The plan calls for accelerating the integration of AI with economic, societal, and defense applications while prioritizing the enhancement of the nation’s new-generation AI technology innovation capacity. It aims to construct an open and collaborative AI innovation system, balancing the technical and social dimensions of AI. The emphasis lies on advancing AI research, product applications, and industry development concurrently, providing comprehensive support to scientific advancement, economic growth, societal well-being, and national security.
Addressing existing weaknesses, the plan advocates building an open and collaborative AI technology innovation framework while focusing on deploying resources in frontier basic theories, key common technologies, innovation platforms, and high-caliber talent teams. On another front, it seeks to nurture high-end, efficient intelligent economies, fostering emerging AI industries, driving industrial intelligence upgrades, and creating AI innovation peaks.
However, AI technology presents dual-use implications, potentially altering employment structures, challenging legal frameworks, threatening personal privacy, and posing challenges to international relations norms. Experts recommend mitigating risks to ensure that AI evolves safely, reliably, and controllably.
In conclusion, while the path to becoming a global AI leader is fraught with challenges, China’s ambitious plan reflects its commitment to leveraging AI as a transformative force for economic and societal progress.
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