**Author: Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, Susie Gao**
In recent years, the demand for NOR flash memory in automotive applications has significantly increased. Initially, NOR flash was primarily used in infotainment systems and engine control units. However, as the automotive industry continues to evolve with greater computerization, its use has expanded into more advanced areas. Today, NOR flash is playing a critical role in key automotive systems such as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), digital instrument clusters, and infotainment systems. As these technologies become more sophisticated, the market demand for high-density, high-performance NOR flash is growing rapidly.
**Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)**
The ADAS market is expanding quickly, driven by the need for improved driving safety. Most current ADAS solutions rely on cameras—such as rearview cameras—to help drivers detect potential hazards (see Figure 1). More advanced systems now include sensor cameras that offer features like automatic collision avoidance, lane-keeping assistance, and parking support. As vehicles become more autonomous, the demand for these sensor-based systems is expected to grow. These systems require complex image processing, which necessitates powerful SoCs. Consequently, the demand for high-density, high-performance NOR flash memory is increasing alongside the scale of these applications (see Figure 2).
**Digital Dashboards**
Traditionally, car dashboards used analog gauges to display vehicle information (see Figure 3). Today, many modern vehicles are equipped with digital dashboards or embedded displays that show virtual instruments. These digital screens are often full HD and can be 12 inches or larger, leading to an increase in the amount of data that needs to be processed. This means that the internal flash memory alone may not be sufficient to handle the system's requirements. As a result, external high-density NOR flash is becoming essential for supporting the latest digital dashboard designs, further boosting the demand for NOR flash (see Figure 4).
**Infotainment Systems**
Infotainment systems have traditionally used NOR flash to store boot code, applications, and real-time operating systems. With the widespread adoption of Linux-based systems (including Android), the memory requirements have grown significantly. Due to this, it’s no longer feasible to store the entire operating system in NOR flash alone. Instead, e.MMC and SD cards are increasingly used for larger storage needs. However, these storage options do not support high-speed operations effectively. Therefore, critical functions like boot code still need to be stored in high-speed NOR flash to ensure fast performance and meet real-time processing demands (see Figure 5 and 6).
**Choosing the Right Memory Solution**
When selecting a memory solution for ADAS, digital dashboards, and infotainment systems, it's crucial to consider fast startup times. At vehicle ignition, systems must boot up quickly, but large data sets can slow this process. One approach is to store data in DRAM, but this increases standby power consumption and drains the battery. A better alternative is to use fast read memory like HyperFlash, which enables quicker application launches without excessive power usage.
HyperFlash offers read speeds of up to 333MB/s, making it three to five times faster than traditional parallel NOR flash and QSPI solutions (see Figure 8). It also supports up to 12 pins, helping manufacturers reduce package size while maintaining performance. This makes HyperFlash ideal for automotive applications that require both speed and compact design.
In summary, as connected cars become more advanced, the demand for high-performance NOR flash will continue to rise. Engineers should carefully evaluate their needs based on factors like startup speed, display quality, performance, and pin count to choose the best memory solution for each application. Whether it's ADAS, digital dashboards, or infotainment systems, the right choice of NOR flash can enhance functionality and user experience without compromising responsiveness.
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