**Author: Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, Susie Gao**
In recent years, the demand for NOR flash memory in automotive applications has significantly increased. Initially used in infotainment systems and engine control units, NOR flash is now playing a more critical role as vehicles become increasingly computerized. Today, it's widely adopted in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), digital instrument clusters, and infotainment systems, where the need for high-performance and high-density memory is growing rapidly.
**Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)**
The market for ADAS solutions focused on driving safety is expanding quickly. Most current ADAS systems rely on cameras—such as rearview cameras—to help drivers detect potential dangers around the vehicle (see Figure 1). More advanced systems use sensor cameras that offer features like automatic collision avoidance, lane-keeping assistance, and parking support. As cars move toward full autonomy, the demand for these sensor cameras will continue to rise. These cameras require more complex image processing than traditional observation cameras, making efficient SoCs essential. This trend is also driving a growing need for high-density, high-performance NOR flash memory to support these advanced functions (see Figure 2).
**Digital Dashboards**
In the past, analog gauges were the standard for displaying vehicle information. However, modern vehicles are increasingly using digital dashboards or embedded displays that show virtual gauges on large screens (see Figure 3). These digital dashboards often feature full HD displays of 12 inches or larger, which means the system must handle more data. The embedded flash that controls the MCU alone is no longer sufficient. Instead, external high-density NOR flash is required to support the performance demands of today’s advanced digital instruments, further boosting the market for NOR flash (see Figure 4).
**Infotainment Systems**
Traditional infotainment systems have relied on NOR flash to store boot code, applications, and real-time operating systems. With the widespread adoption of Linux-based systems (like Android), the memory requirements for these systems have grown significantly. As a result, it's no longer feasible to store the entire OS in NOR flash alone. To meet bandwidth needs, e.MMC and SD cards are increasingly used. However, these storage solutions aren't optimized for high-speed operations. Therefore, high-speed boot code and other time-sensitive functions still need to be stored in NOR flash (see Figure 5 and 6).
**Choosing the Right Memory Solution**
When designing ADAS, digital instrument clusters, and infotainment systems, one key consideration is fast startup. However, with large amounts of data, achieving quick boot times can be challenging. Storing data in DRAM may seem like a solution, but it increases power consumption and drains the car battery. A better approach is to leverage the fast read speed of flash memory.
HyperFlash memory offers up to 333MB/s read performance, making it ideal for rapid application launches. The HyperFlash GL512S parallel 512Mb NOR flash reads three times faster than traditional parallel NOR products, while the QSPI FL512 512Mb NOR flash delivers five times the speed (see Figure 8). Additionally, HyperFlash supports up to 12 pins, helping manufacturers reduce package size and simplify interface design (see Figure 9).
As connected cars become more sophisticated, with enhanced entertainment, navigation, and safety features, the demand for high-performance NOR flash will only continue to grow. Engineers should evaluate their specific needs—including fast boot times, high-quality display performance, and pin constraints—to choose the best flash solution for different vehicle types.
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