The basic principle of epitaxial growth is that on a substrate substrate (mainly sapphire and SiC, Si) heated to a suitable temperature, the gaseous substances In, Ga, Al, P are controlled to be transported to the surface of the substrate to grow specific. Single crystal film. At present, the LED epitaxial wafer growth technology mainly adopts an organometallic chemical vapor deposition method.
MOCVD
Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD), a new technology for preparing compound semiconductor single-film films proposed by Rockwell Corporation in 1968. This equipment integrates precision machinery, semiconductor materials, vacuum electronics, fluid mechanics, optics, chemistry, and computer multidisciplinary. It is a state-of-the-art optoelectronic special equipment with high degree of automation, high price, and high technology integration. It is mainly used for GaN ( The epitaxial growth of GaN-based semiconductor materials and the fabrication of blue, green or ultraviolet light-emitting diode chips are among the most promising specialized devices in the optoelectronics industry.
Nichia Chemical Co., Ltd.
Nichia Chemical is a pioneer in the GaN system and ranks first in the world in LED and laser fields. The blue and white LED market is far ahead of other similar companies. It is known worldwide for its development of blue LEDs, and at the same time it is the largest fine chemical manufacturer with phosphors as its main products. Its phosphor production accounts for 70% of the domestic market in Japan and 36% of the global market. In addition to lamps, phosphors are also available for CRT, PDP, and X-ray. This has become a solid foundation for Nichia to expand its LED business. In addition, Nichia also produces fine chemicals such as magnetic materials, battery materials and film materials, and is widely involved in various fields of light.
Among the company's LED production, 70% are white LEDs, mainly in two types: monochrome chip type and RGB three color type. In addition, the company is the only manufacturer in the world that can simultaneously produce both blue and ultraviolet LED products. Based on this, Nichia has continuously developed new products, especially in the SMD (surface-mount) type of high-energy LEDs, new products emerge one after another.
In October 2004, Nichia Chemical Co., Ltd. developed a high-energy white LED with a luminous efficiency of 50 lm/W. The product successfully increased the luminous efficiency of the previously mass-produced product by approximately 20 lm/W by a factor of 2.5. At the end of the same month, Nichia Chemical began to provide samples of this product to specific customers, and plans to produce 1 million monthly production by the summer of 2005. The new LEDs are primarily targeted at the automotive headlamp and lighting market. Its brightness is better than HID light source, which poses a great threat to the high-intensity Cischarge that currently accounts for 15% of the headlight market. Nichia Chemical plans to officially mass-produce the product in the first half of 2006, and plans to officially sell the brighter product at the same price as HID in 2007.
With the expansion of the blue and white LED market as the detonating agent, the total sales of Nichia Chemicals has also increased year by year, from 29 billion yen in 1996 to 181 billion yen in 2003. During this period, the sales of phosphors are basically stable at around 30 billion yen per year. By 2003, sales of LED-related products had accounted for 85.1% of total sales, which was 154 billion yen. In 2003, the global LED market was about 600 billion yen, so Nichia has a global market share of about 25%.
At present , Nichia 's UV 460nm LED has an external quantum efficiency of 36% and a white luminous efficiency of 60 lm/W.
Toyota Synthetic Co., Ltd.
If the LED is likened to a car, then it can be said that Nichia has proposed the concept of the wheel and the engine, while Toyota Synthetic has proposed the concept of the car body and the tire. In 1986, commissioned by the honorary professor Mr. Akasaki, Toyota Synthetic began to develop LED research and development using its own accumulation of thin film technology for automotive parts. In 1987, commissioned by the Science and Technology Promotion Group, Toyota Synthetic successfully formed LED electrodes on sapphire. Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to call Toyota Synthetic "the pioneer of blue LED".
Toyota Synthetic has grown at a relatively fast pace in recent years. In 1998, its sales were 6.3 billion yen, but by 2002 it had grown to 25.2 billion yen. In 2003, due to the lack of brightness of the white light source of mobile phones, low-cost strategies in Taiwan and South Korea, and the downturn in the European display market, Toyota Synthetic failed to complete the original plan to sell 34 billion yen, but its sales. Both the amount and the profit reached the highest level in history.
The most popular one is the white LED for mobile phones. From 2.7 billion yen in 2002 to 12.3 billion yen, accounting for 40% of total sales. The rest are blue, blue-green and 3in1 white LEDs. In 2003, domestic sales accounted for 80% of the total, which was 23.7 billion yen. Overseas sales: Asia 4.7 billion yen.
In terms of applications, mobile phones accounted for 72%. In addition, there are more LCD backlights, buttons, and back LCD backlights (3in1). There are also many applications in signal equipment and large display screens. In 2004, Toyota Synthetic planned to sell 42 billion yen, but due to the downturn in the mobile phone market, the sales plan had to be revised to 30 billion yen.
In order to capture Nissan Chemical's 90% market share in the mobile phone backlight market, Toyota Synthetic intends to increase the brightness of white LEDs. In the fall of 2004, it developed a white LED "TG WHITE II" with a brightness of 1000mcd, which is 600. -700mcd shines a lot. Then, Toyota Huahe began to develop 1300mcd white LED.
In addition, car navigation systems and computer-specific liquid crystal controllers, TV backlights for large LCDs, etc. are also Toyota's target market. Design and development of lighting applications are also in full swing. In addition to the factory in Hirakata-cho, Aichi Prefecture, Toyota Chemicals Co., Ltd. has established a second production base for producing GaN LEDs such as blue LEDs in Takeo City, Saga Prefecture. Its equipment investment totaled 15.6 billion yen, and its planned monthly production in 2006 reached 200 million. By then, the total production capacity of the two plants will reach 420 million per month, with the goal of LED sales reaching 120 billion yen in 2008.
Lumileds
Founded in 1999, Lumileds Lighting is a world-renowned LED manufacturer with a leading position in solid-state lighting applications including automatic lighting, computer displays, LCD TVs, signal lights and general lighting. The company's patented Luxeon is the first high-power luminescent material that combines traditional lighting with LEDs with small pins and long life. The company also provides core LED materials and LED packaging products. With billions of LEDs per year, it is the world's brightest manufacturer of red, amber, blue, green and white LEDs. Headquartered in San Jose, Calif., the company has offices in the Netherlands, Japan and Malaysia and has a worldwide sales network.
The predecessor of Lumileds was the Optoelectronics division of Hewlett-Packard 40 years ago. It was HP's experts who created it from scratch. In the late 1990s, after the vision of solid-state lighting, HP and Philips, one of the world's largest lighting companies, began planning how to develop the latest solid-state lighting technology and introduce it to the market. In 1999, Hewlett-Packard Company was divided into two. Her optoelectronics division was acquired by Agilent Technologies. In November of the same year, the huge market potential prompted Agilent and Philips to form Lumileds, giving it the mission of developing the world's brightest LED luminescent materials. And promoted to the market. Today's Lumileds, as a joint venture between Agilent Technologies and Philips Lighting, continues to lead the development of the world's solid-state lighting industry.
GELcore
GELcore is a joint venture between GE Lighting and EMCORE, founded in January 1999 and headquartered in New Jersey, USA. The company is committed to the development and production of high-brightness LED products . By combining GE's advanced lighting technologies, brand strengths and global channels with EMCORE's authoritative semiconductor technology, GELcore has played an important role in transforming people's awareness of lighting. GELcore's existing products include high-power LED traffic lights, large landscape lights, other architectural, consumer and special lighting applications. By combining technologies in various fields such as electronics, optics, mechanics and thermal management, GELcore has accelerated the application of LED technology and created world-class LED systems. In addition, GELcore uses a unique customer management system to maintain long-term relationships with LED experts and product application customers.
Oceanic acid
The research and development of the organic metal meteorological chemical precipitation technology of Oceanic Acid Company can be traced back to 1983, which was produced under the background of the entire compound semiconductor industry revolution in Japan in the 1980s. Oceanic Acid has developed a range of high-purity gases such as AsH3, PH3 and NH3, as well as MOVPE equipment for the production of LD and LED products. Oceanic Acid has also developed and commercialized a purification system for absorbing a large amount of exhaust gas generated by these applications. So far, Oceanic Acid has supplied more than 450 MOCVD equipment to customers with different needs, from R&D institutions to manufacturers. The GaN-MOCVD SR series of Oceanic Acid, including SR-2000 and SR-6000, is specifically designed for the research and production of blue gallium nitride LEDs, semiconductor lasers and electronic devices.
Cree
Cree was founded in 1987 and is located in California, USA. Develop and manufacture materials and equipment based on silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN), silicon (Si) and related compounds. The company's products include green, blue and ultraviolet LEDs, near-ultraviolet lasers, RF and microwave semiconductor devices, power conversion devices and semiconductor integrated chips. Target applications for these products include solid state lighting, optical storage, wireless infrastructure and circuit conversion. Most of the company's profits come from the production of LED products and SiC, GaN materials, which are sold to North America, Europe and Asia.
At present, Cree 460nm LED has an external quantum efficiency of 47% and a white luminous efficiency of 80 lm/W.
Osram
OSRAM is one of the world's two largest lighting manufacturers. Founded in 1919, the largest shareholder is Siemens AG, headquartered in Munich, with more than 36,000 employees worldwide. The OSRAM trademark was registered as early as 1906 and is by far one of the world's oldest recognized trademark names. OSRAM has evolved from a traditional light bulb manufacturer to a high-tech company in the field of lighting. Sales in fiscal 2004 reached 4.2 billion euros, serving individual customers in more than 140 countries and more than 50 vendors in 19 countries. Currently, about one-third of the company's revenue comes from optoelectronic semiconductors and LEDs. In the long run, this number will rise to 50%.
crawler tractors are versatile,domestic initiative and technology leading. Hydraulic controlled differential - brake turn to technology , 360 degree steering wheel control and spin turn are our company`s unique advantages. In addition, our products also have the superiorities of triangular track drive, low grounding pressure and better Paddy field performance. Our company has iron crawler tractor and Rubber Crawler Tractor, which two main products. Every products have different types. These products are of high efficiency, long operating life. and low fuel consumption. Our crawler tractors are easy switching between hydraulic infinitely variable speed and mechanical transmission.
|
Model |
NF-Y602 |
NF-Y702 |
NF-Y802 |
|
|
Size |
length×width×height(mm) |
2900×1360×1500 |
3430×1590×2300 |
|
|
Weight |
(Kg) |
1700 |
2200 |
|
|
Minimum Ground Clearance |
(mm) |
260 |
410 |
|
|
Engine
|
Model |
3G25TC |
YD4CZ70C1 |
YD4SZ80C1 |
|
Form |
Electronic injection.vertical.water-cooled.four-stroke |
|||
|
Rated power(kW) |
44.1 |
51.5 |
58.8 |
|
|
Fuel |
Diesel |
|||
|
Rated power(r/min) |
2400 |
|||
|
Starting method |
Electric start |
|||
|
Steering Brake System
|
Steerig system type |
Planetary differential steering |
||
|
Brake system type |
Wet friction steering |
|||
|
Drive Train |
Clutch type |
Single-chip single-acting |
||
|
|
Transmission type |
2(mechanical file)+2×2(hydraulic stepless speed change) |
||
|
|
Transmission shift model |
Gear shift |
||
|
Walking System |
Rack form |
Rigid frame type |
||
|
|
Track pitch section×number×width |
90×46×280 |
90×50×350 |
|
|
|
The theoretical speed of each file(km/h) |
Forward:mechanical block:4.86; 8.65 Hydraulic block:0-5.75; 0-10.24 |
||
|
|
|
Back:0-5.75;0-10.24 |
||
|
Working Device |
Lifter type |
Semi-split |
||
|
|
Tillage depth control |
Force adjustment |
||
|
|
PTO form |
Type1,non-independent |
||
|
|
Power output shaft speed(r/min) |
624/960 |
||
|
Model |
NF-702 |
NF-802 |
NF-902 |
|
|
Size |
length×width×height(mm) |
3690×1500×2400 |
3690×1650×2560 |
|
|
Weight |
(Kg) |
2255 |
2450 |
|
|
Minimum Ground Clearance |
(mm) |
395 |
420 |
|
|
Engine |
Model |
YD4CZ70C1 |
YD4EZ80C1 |
YD4EZ90C1 |
|
Form |
Electronic injection.vertical.water-cooled.four-stroke |
|||
|
Rated power(kW) |
51.5 |
58.8 |
66.2 |
|
|
Fuel |
Diesel |
|||
|
Rated power(r/min) |
2400 |
|||
|
Tarting method |
Electric start |
|||
|
Steering Brake System |
Steerig system type |
Planetary differential steering |
||
|
Brake system type |
Wet friction steering |
|||
|
Drive System |
Clutch type |
Single-chip single-acting |
||
|
Transmission type |
Eight forward speed+ reverse gear |
|||
|
Transmission shift model |
Gear shift |
|||
|
Walking System |
Rack form |
Rigid frame type |
||
|
Track pitch section×number×width |
90×51×400 |
90×56×400 |
||
|
The theoretical speed of each file(km/h) |
Ahead:1.22;1.80;2.92; 3.84;5.50;8.08;13.13;17.25 |
|||
|
Backward:0.97;1.43;2.32;3.04;4.36;6.41;10.42;13.68 |
||||
|
Working Device |
Lifter type |
Semi-split |
||
|
Tillage depth control |
Force adjustment |
|||
|
PTO form |
Type1,non-independent |
|||
|
Power output shaft speed(r/min) |
720/1000 |
|||
|
PTO shaft spline and the outer diameter mm |
8×38 |
|||
|
Model |
NF-Q502 |
NF-Q602 |
NF-Q702 |
NF-Q802 |
|
|
Size |
length×width×height(mm) |
3430×1590×2300 |
|||
|
Weight |
(Kg) |
1715 |
1890 |
1930 |
1990 |
|
Minimum Ground Clearance |
(mm) |
395 |
|||
|
Engine |
Model |
YD4C50V1 |
YD4JZ60C1 |
YD4CZ70C1 |
YD4SZ80C1 |
|
|
Form |
electronic injection.vertical.water-cooled.four-stroke |
|||
|
|
Rated power(kW) |
36.8 |
44.1 |
51.5 |
58.8 |
|
|
Fuel |
diesel |
|||
|
|
Rated speed(r/min) |
2400 |
|||
|
|
Starting method |
Electric start |
|||
|
Steering Brake System |
Steerig system type |
Tooth embedded clutch-braking |
|||
|
|
brake system type |
Wet friction type |
|||
|
Drive System |
clutch type |
Monolithic single-acting |
|||
|
|
transmission type |
Main transmission (hydraulic stepless speed + mechanical gear) +auxiliary transmission 2 files |
|||
|
|
transmission shift model |
Gear shift |
|||
|
Walking System |
rack form |
Rigid frame type |
|||
|
|
track pitch section×number×width |
90×46×350(with side teeth) |
90×50×350(with side teeth) |
||
|
|
the theoretical speed of each file(km/h) |
Hydraulic:high0-9.2;low0-6.2 |
|||
|
|
|
mechanical:8.2;5.3 |
|||
|
Working Device |
lifter type |
Semi-split type |
|||
|
|
tillage depth control |
Bit adjust(optional force adjust) |
|||
|
|
PTO form |
Type1, non-independent |
|||
|
|
power output shaft speed(r/min) |
620/960 |
|||
|
|
PTO shaft spline and the outer diameter mm |
8×38 |
|||
If you have any questions, please contact with us directly. Crawler tractors are produced
by our company with high quality and good appearance. Welcome you can visit our factory.for
inqury,Please send mail directly to us!
Rubber Crawler Tractor
Small Crawler Tractor,Rubber Crawler Tractor,Triangular Crawler Structure,Convenient Control Crawler Tractor
Hunan NongFu Machinery&Electronic.Co., Ltd. , http://www.nfagmachine.com