Abstract: This paper presents a design approach for a new civilian grid current meter based on the CS5460A chip. The fundamental operating principles of the device are summarized. The paper provides detailed explanations of the switching power supply, detection circuits, control circuits, and display circuits within the meter's architecture. It also delves into the principles and design methods of the detection circuit and offers a program design flowchart.
Keywords: Grid current meter; Switching power supply; AT89C52; CS5460A
O Introduction: Conventional grid current meters typically rely on pointer-type displays, which suffer from limitations such as a narrow measurement range, poor stability, low precision, unclear meter readings, and significant errors, making them unsuitable for modern societal demands. With the rapid advancement of intelligent measurement and control technologies, the benefits of digital meters centered around microcontrollers are becoming increasingly apparent. Therefore, this paper employs a single-chip microcomputer as the primary controller of the device, utilizing Cirrus Logic’s energy metering chip to gather data. This approach results in a cost-effective grid current meter with strong interference resistance and high measurement accuracy.
1 System Working Principle: In industrial production and everyday life, precise and real-time measurement of grid current is crucial. In this paper, a switching regulator power supply is utilized to convert the 220V AC mains electricity into both analog and digital +5V power supplies, providing power to the entire meter circuit. Subsequently, the current signal is detected using a current transformer, converted into a voltage signal, and sent to the single-phase power/power integrated chip CS5460A. The chip performs signal sampling, calculations, and error corrections. The entire process is controlled by the MCU. The working principle and structural block diagram of the instrument system are illustrated in Figure 1.
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In addition to the above, the article also explores various components involved in the construction of the grid current meter. For instance, the probe used in the meter has a pin size of 420*4450 with a head diameter of 5.0mm, designed to handle overcurrent situations effectively. Other key components include SMD aluminum electrolytic capacitors, MOS power ICs that cover a wide range of applications, and inductance elements that play a critical role in the circuit's functionality. These components collectively contribute to the meter's robust design and reliable performance.
The detection circuit plays an integral part in the operation of the grid current meter. Its design involves careful consideration of various parameters to ensure accurate data collection and processing. By integrating advanced algorithms and error correction techniques, the circuit minimizes inaccuracies and ensures consistent performance even in challenging environments. Furthermore, the program design flow outlined in the paper provides a structured approach for implementing these functionalities, ensuring seamless integration of hardware and software components.
In conclusion, the proposed grid current meter represents a significant advancement in the field of electrical measurement. By leveraging cutting-edge technologies and meticulous engineering practices, it addresses many of the limitations associated with traditional meters. The combination of a switching power supply, sophisticated detection circuits, and a powerful control system makes this meter a highly efficient and reliable tool for monitoring grid currents. As society continues to embrace smart technologies, instruments like this will undoubtedly play a pivotal role in shaping the future of electrical measurements.
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