A solar Controller is an electronic device that controls the circulating pump in a solar hot water system to harvest as much heat as possible from the solar panels and protect the system from overheating.
Two kinds solar controller included:
2.MPPT Controller
MPPT stands for Maximum Power Point Tracking. MPPT is a technique to observe and regulates the energy going from Solar Panel to the batteries. Solar panels show changeable outputs according to weather conditions. MPPT charge control devices can match the solar panel voltage with Battery voltage to maximize the charge efficiency. In these systems, the full power of solar panels can be used by balancing between voltage and current according to the P = V x A equation. For example, the amount of current drawn from the panels reduced to protect the voltage when the weather is cloudy. When the weather is sunny, it is allowed to draw more current.
The main difference between PWM and MPPT charge control devices is that the MPPT devices are more efficient. MPPT charge control devices have 30 % more efficient in charge efficiency according to PWM type. Panel voltage and battery voltage should be matched in PWM systems. In MPPT systems, the panel series are allowed to have higher voltage than batteries. This means more flexibility for system growth.
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