**1. The Function of the Spectrum Analyzer**
Modern spectrum analyzers are built using a software-defined radio design, which allows for a versatile hardware platform and the software implementation of various functions. This makes them "software-defined instruments" that can be easily upgraded without changing the hardware. By updating the software, a single spectrum analyzer can act as multiple instruments such as receivers, power meters, frequency counters, and network analyzers, significantly expanding its measurement capabilities and application range.
Spectrum analyzers are continuously evolving, with different models tailored for specific applications. Each type has unique performance metrics and functional configurations to meet diverse testing needs.
- **1. Channel Power Test:** This test measures the total power within a specified frequency band, including both the intermediate frequency power and the area width. It is used to evaluate the overall signal or noise power in a given frequency range.
- **2. Adjacent Channel Power Test:** This function measures the leakage power from adjacent channels on both uplink and downlink frequencies. It allows for various testing methods, such as total power measurement, reference level strength, and in-band tests, to accurately assess carrier power levels.
- **3. Electromagnetic Field Strength Measurement:** Although a spectrum analyzer primarily measures electrical signals, it can also measure field strength when used with an antenna or probes. For example, the DSA815 can detect signals up to 1.5 GHz. With an antenna, it can capture IoT and RFID signals, while a near-field probe can measure electric and magnetic fields. Additionally, by connecting custom sensors, it can even test generators.
- **4. Marker Measurement:** Some models, like the MSA-338, offer two modes: standard mode, which displays up to seven active frequency points and three level values, and DELTA mode, which compares two frequency and level points.
- **5. Peak Search:** This feature includes full-frequency peak search and range-based peak search, helping users quickly identify signal peaks in different scenarios.
- **6. Occupied Bandwidth Test:** This test evaluates the bandwidth occupied by a signal, which is crucial for compliance and interference analysis.
**2. The Function of the Oscilloscope**
**First, the Trigger Function and Automatic Function of the Oscilloscope**
The automatic function of an oscilloscope allows real-time and dynamic display of the measured signal. This is one of the most commonly used modes. However, it may not be ideal for capturing transient or high-speed signals, such as those during power-on or short-term operations. Instead, the trigger function is more effective in these situations.
To use the trigger function, first press the Menu button. From the options, select “Standard†mode. Then, press the Mode Coupling button and choose “Standard†again in the trigger mode selection. This setup helps stabilize the waveform and capture specific events.
Once the trigger is set, you can choose the type of trigger. Common types include edge trigger, pulse width trigger, and level trigger. Edge triggers are typically used for rising or falling edges, while level triggers require adjusting the “Trigger Level†button. Pulse width triggers are useful for analyzing specific pulse characteristics.
**Second, Observing Power Supply Ripple with an Oscilloscope**
Power supply ripple is a critical parameter in circuit design, as it affects system stability and performance. To observe this, connect the oscilloscope to channel 1 and select AC coupling to filter out DC components, allowing only the AC ripple to pass through. Adjust the vertical scale to millivolts (mV) to get a clear view of the ripple. This method is essential for evaluating power supply quality and ensuring clean output.
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