**1. The Function of the Spectrum Analyzer**
Modern spectrum analyzers are based on software-defined radio technology, allowing them to use a versatile hardware platform while implementing various functions through software. This makes them "software-defined instruments," which means their hardware remains largely unchanged, but their capabilities can be expanded by updating the software. As a result, a single spectrum analyzer can function as a receiver, power meter, frequency counter, and even a network analyzer, significantly broadening its measurement range and application possibilities. With continuous advancements, modern spectrum analyzers have evolved into specialized tools tailored for different applications, each with unique performance specifications and feature sets.
**1. Channel Power Test:**
This test measures the total power within a specified frequency band, including both the intermediate frequency power and the area width. It is used to evaluate the overall signal or noise power in a given frequency range.
**2. Adjacent Channel Power Test:**
This function measures the leakage power from adjacent channels, either on the uplink or downlink. Various testing methods, such as total power, reference level strength, and in-band tests, can be used to accurately assess carrier power levels.
**3. Electromagnetic Field Strength Measurement:**
While a spectrum analyzer primarily measures electrical signals, it can also measure field strength when connected to an antenna or probe. For example, the DSA815 can detect signals up to 1.5 GHz, and with the right antenna, it can analyze IoT and RFID signals. Near-field probes allow for measuring electric and magnetic fields, and custom sensors can be connected to the analyzer to measure generated fields.
**4. Marker Measurement:**
Some models, like the MSA-338, offer two modes: normal mode, which displays up to seven active frequency points and three level values, and DELTA mode, which compares two test points in terms of frequency and level.
**5. Peak Search:**
There are two types of peak search: full-frequency peak search and range-based peak search.
**6. Occupied Bandwidth Test:**
This test determines the bandwidth occupied by a signal, which is crucial for assessing spectral efficiency and interference.
**2. The Function of the Oscilloscope**
**First, the Trigger Function and Automatic Function of the Oscilloscope:**
The automatic function allows the oscilloscope to display real-time and dynamic signals, making it one of the most commonly used modes. However, this mode may not be ideal for capturing transient or high-speed signals, such as those that occur during power-on or short-term operations. Therefore, the trigger function is essential for capturing these types of signals.
To use the trigger function, you need to access the menu and select the "Standard" mode. Then, set the trigger mode to "Standard" again using the Mode Coupling button. This ensures the oscilloscope captures the desired signal accurately.
**Second, Viewing Power Supply Ripple with the Oscilloscope:**
Power supply ripple is a critical parameter in circuit design. To view it, press the channel 1 button and select AC coupling, which filters out the DC component and allows only the AC (ripple) signal to pass. Adjust the voltage scale to millivolts to observe small ripples clearly. This method helps ensure stable power delivery in electronic systems.
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