one. Overview
Wearable computing technology is an international cutting-edge computer technology that "wears" a computer on the human body for various applications. It is a major research topic in the intelligent environment.
Mark Weiser, the father of pervasive computing, describes the smart environment as: “This is a physical world of sensors, drives, displays, and computer elements that are seamlessly embedded into the objects of our lives. In, connected through an uninterrupted network." The smart environment provides people with an interesting digital world, and the various smart devices that keep running make our lives more comfortable and convenient.
Wearable CompuTIng, there is no clear and complete definition in the world. The internationally recognized pioneer of wearable computing technology, Professor Steve Mann of Canada thinks wearable computer The system has such features as "the personal space belonging to the user, controlled by the wearer, while having the continuity of operation and interaction." Just as humans use computers as external devices, in a wearable computer system, computers can turn a human mind and body into one of its external devices. At the same time, the interaction between the wearable computer and the human being is continuous, and more importantly, the wearable computer is also capable of multitasking in order to satisfy the user without interrupting the ongoing task. If a computer is "wearable," it will be accompanied by help in our daily lives, as if it were wearing clothes or other forms of wear, as unobtrusive as possible.
two. Key technologies for wearable computing
Wearable computing technology is not simply to minimise the computer and wear it directly on people. It needs to solve many key technologies to really develop to meet people's application needs.
System on chip (SoC)
A system-on-a-chip (SoC) is a tiny system. If the central processing unit (CPU) is the brain, the SoC is a system that includes the brain, heart, eyes, and hands. Academics at home and abroad generally tend to define SoCs as integrating microprocessors, analog IP cores, digital IP cores, and memory on a single chip. Due to the convenience and comfort requirements of the wearable computing system, the processing system should be customizable.
SoC technology is the solution to this problem with miniaturized products for specific applications.
2. Embedded operating system technology
The embedded system was born in a microcomputer and is a dedicated computer application system embedded in the object system. Since the size and storage space of wearable computer systems are very limited, the operating system should be compressed to a "dedicated" level and improve real-time performance. This makes embedded operating systems necessary, such systems are often real-time and micro-kernel, and have a strong ability to handle multiple peripherals.
3. Wireless ad hoc network technology
Wearable computing systems are accompanied by human activities and are networked as a mobile node at any time. Multiple such nodes form a special network called an ad hoc network. At any time and any place, a mobile communication network can be quickly built without the support of existing information infrastructure. It is a multi-hopping, temporary autonomous system composed of a group of mobile terminals with wireless transceivers.
4. Mobile database technology
Wearable computing systems need to access databases on the move, and such mobile database management techniques will be different from fixed database management. The mobile database has the following features: support for multiple connection protocols, complete management of embedded databases, and support for multiple embedded operating systems.
5. Human-computer interaction technology
The wearable computing system is a collection of people and computers. Therefore, human-computer interaction technology is a key technology in the wearable computer system. It solves the problem of interaction between people and computers. The ability to perceive the environment.
6. Wireless connection technology
It is conceivable that when more than a dozen modules are distributed on the human body at the same time, the connection cable between them will be a very heavy burden and an unreliable factor. The replacement of these connecting cables by short-range wireless communication such as Bluetooth will completely solve the above problems.
7. Efficient energy technology
In view of the long-term requirements of wearable computing systems, a long-term, continuous, and stable power supply mode is required to ensure the effective operation of the wearable computer, such as the energy of the human body (the energy of the soles during walking, the inertial energy, and other human bodies). The energy produced by the behavior), thermal energy and chemical energy are converted into electrical energy.
three. Application of wearable computing technology
Main research institution
Many famous university laboratories around the world have done a long time research on wearable computing technology. Most of their research fields are health care, monitoring systems and assistant systems. At the same time, many large companies such as IBM, Google, Nokia, etc. are also very interested in this field, and made outstanding contributions in the field of wearable computing technology research.
1) ACT Lab: ACTLab (Action and Environmental Identification Technology Research Group) is one of Europe's leading research laboratories, specializing in pervasive computing, wearable computing and mobile technology, and is part of electrical engineering at the Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands. College. ACTLab uses multi-mode universal sensor technology to interpret human behavior through the identification of activities and environments. Their research focuses on signal processing, pattern recognition and machine learning techniques.
2) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Lab: This lab has made significant contributions to the research of wearable computing technology. They are committed to developing the latest computer technology, focusing on invention rather than technology. The media lab's first involvement in this field dates back to 1993, two researchers, Sades. Thad Starner and Doug. Doug Platt used Turner's Private Eye display and parts of Handykey's spin keyboard to create Turner's first intelligent work system.
3) University of Toronto ePI Lab: The predecessor of ePI Lab was the Humanities Intelligence Laboratory (HI Lab) of the University of Toronto, established in 1998. It is now a research laboratory for computer vision and intelligent image processing, focusing on areas such as personal imaging, mediated reality and wearable computing. The founder and current director of ePI Labs is known as Steve Mann, the founder of the field of wearable computing. The main research strengths of ePI Labs are wearable computing hardware and open source mediation software.
4) Google X Lab: Google X Lab, also known as Google X, is an innovative lab founded by Google. It is located somewhere in the Bay Area of ​​Northern California. Most of the "100 shoot-for-the-stars" on the Google X Labs work list are still in the concept stage, involving future space elevators, driverless cars, and augmented reality glasses. Internet of Things technology.
2. Representative projects
The research on wearable computing technology belongs to the world's most advanced scientific and technological inventions, mainly based on conceptual products. The following is a brief introduction of several representative applications that currently use this technology internationally.
1) The Newborn Smart Monitoring Jacket with Wearable Sensor is a 10-year research project jointly developed by the Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands and the Maxima Medical Center in Feldhofen, The Netherlands. Compared with term infants, premature babies have more neurodevelopmental problems caused by stress. The traditional infant monitoring system relies on the sensor to attach to the vulnerable skin of the baby to obtain important parameters when replacing the sensor and a large number of winding wires. It can cause premature babies to feel uncomfortable, causing skin irritation and also disturbing the newborn's sleep; in addition, separating the mother and the baby is another cause of stress. To reduce stress in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment and increase parent-child contact, the smart jacket is designed as a comfortable wearable monitoring system designed to help long-term healthy growth of premature babies. The smart jacket is like the Kangaroo mother's pouch and the incubator of the premature baby, but it is only worn on the arm of the premature baby.
2) Google X Labs and ePI Labs are the two main development members of EyeTab digital glasses related technologies. The EyeTab can be worn in front of the eye as a camera to record the scene, and a computer-generated image is added to the original scene. This structure allows the user's eyes to operate the EyeTab, which is both a monitor and a camera that allows the computer to process and change what the user sees. Under computer control, EyeTap can increase, reduce or change the visual perception of the user's environment, creating a Mediated Reality. In order to get the content that the user sees as accurately as possible, an EyeTap system uses a beam splitter to send the same scene to both eyes and the camera. The camera digitizes the reflected image and sends it to a computer. The image is processed by a computer and passed through a computer. The projector projects to the other end of the beam splitter, so that the processed image is reflected back to the eye and then superimposed on the original scene to complete the process.
The "Expanded Reality" glasses developed by Google X Labs are named Project Glass, the first step in wearable computing. It has all the features of a smartphone with a miniature display on the lens. The screen allows users to surf the Internet or process text messages and emails without having to do it. At the same time, users can control the camera, video call and direction with their own voice after wearing this Google glasses. This magical glasses is actually a combination of pico projector + camera + sensor + storage transmission + control device, the projector is used to display data, the camera is used to pick up the video picture, and the storage transmission module is used to store and output data. The control device can be controlled in three modes: voice, touch and auto. Google Glass has been pre-sold at the Google I/O Developers Conference in June 2012.
3) Smart Shoes: In May 2012, a computer scientist from the Telecom Innovation Lab, the University of Munich and the University of Toronto published a research report on shoe sensing (ShoeSense), which was for busy (eg Provide a solution for users who are inconvenient to use mobile devices for meetings, running, driving, etc. The shoe sensing module is mounted on the user's upper and uses a depth sensor camera to sense gesture commands that are transmitted to the user's mobile device. Shoe sensing has three specific gestures: triangle, 3D-Radial, Finger-Count, triangle and finger counting using two-hand gestures, and 3D radial is an example of one-hand gestures. Both can be performed without visual attention. For example, a gesture of fisting with one hand can send pre-arranged text, such as "I am late"; the right hand can touch a left elbow to answer a call; there are other gestures that can control jumping to the next music or switch to silent mode. . Smart shoes can not only perform frequent operations without affecting daily activities without reaching out to mobile devices, but also enhance the operability, support functions and artistic expression of mobile devices.
At the SXSW conference in Austin, Texas, USA, Google launched the “Talking Concept Shoesâ€, a collaboration between Google and creative design agency YesYesNo and Studio 5050. The shoe is equipped with a microcontroller, accelerometer, gyroscope, pressure sensor, speaker and Bluetooth chip. The sensor collects the movement information of the shoes and makes a voice comment. At the same time, this smart shoe also uses Bluetooth to keep the shoes and smartphones in sync, and the programming features make the shoes more useful. Compared with most bulky and inconvenient wearable computers, smart shoes are more like a pair of ordinary shoes because they reduce their sensors, and people are more willing to wear them in daily life. It can be said that smart shoes technology has greatly accelerated wearables. The development of computing technology.
four. Outlook
With decades of development and ongoing research, wearable computing technology has proven to be very practical. This technology can accommodate everyone, and many applications that use this technology have become part of some people's lives, such as pathfinding, health monitoring, memory help, and reality adjustment. It can be said that wearable computing technology has shown its importance. The meaning and impact on society as a whole.
Of course, before the technology became popular, our scientists still needed to remove some technical barriers. One of the most important obstacles was the size and appearance. Professor Steve Mann began designing and manufacturing wearable computing technology in the 1980s. However, the first wearable computing device he made was large and unattractive, even now, most wearables. Technical equipment is not really "wearable." Another important issue is that the uninterrupted operation of these devices naturally raises the issue of energy supply. Should these devices be battery-powered or battery-free? If this is a device without a battery supply system, what kind of energy supply technology can be applied to it?
In any case, wearable computing technology has important application value and broad application prospects in any field where people need information assistance. From commercial purposes to scientific purposes, hundreds of related researches are underway, such as many specific wearable computing applications that help people with disabilities and support older people are steadily evolving. This technology has brought a lot of convenience to people. As the technology matures and the cost decreases, the wearable computing system will have strong market demand. This technology will attract more public attention and attract more in the future. More research teams entered. Maybe in the near future, everyone can wear a pair of shoes that can control their mobile phones or other electronic devices; blind people can see the light with a pair of special glasses; with Alzheimer's disease (old age) People of a type of dementia can remember and recognize the names and faces of their loved ones.
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