In machine vision, understanding the calculation method of industrial lenses is crucial for achieving accurate imaging. The lens plays a key role in determining the field of view and image quality. A typical formula used to calculate the minimum field of view (FOVmin) is:
**FOVmin = SS × (Dmin / FL)**, where SS is the sensor size, Dmin is the minimum object distance, and FL is the focal length. For example, if SS = 6.4 mm, Dmin = 8 inches, and FL = 12 mm, then FOVmin = 6.4 × (8/12) = 4.23 mm. Dividing this by the pixel resolution (e.g., 640 pixels), we get 0.007 mm per pixel. If the required accuracy is 0.01 mm, then 1 pixel equals 0.007 mm, which meets the requirement.
Next, when selecting a camera and lens, it's important to consider their main parameters. For the camera, the **sensor size (SS)** determines the image area captured. Common sensor sizes include 1/4", 1/3", 1/2", 2/3", and 1". For example, a 1/2" sensor has dimensions of 6.4 mm × 4.8 mm. On the lens side, the **focal length (FL)** and **minimum object distance (Dmin)** are critical. These factors directly influence the field of view and image magnification.
Other important parameters include **field of view (FOV)** and **pixel size**, which help determine the resolution and accuracy of the system. When designing a machine vision system, it’s essential to match the lens and camera parameters to ensure optimal performance. This includes calculating the **effective F-number (F No)**, **depth of field (DOF)**, and **luminous flux diameter (φ)** using formulas such as:
- **Resolution (μm) = 0.61 × 0.55 ÷ NA**
- **Effective F No = magnification / (2 × NA)**
- **Depth of Field (mm) = 2 × (acceptable blur circle × effective F No) ÷ magnification²**
Additionally, **display magnification** and **comprehensive magnification** are important for visualizing the image on a screen. Display magnification is calculated as the ratio of the display size to the CCD diagonal size, while comprehensive magnification combines both optical and electronic magnifications. For instance, with an optical magnification of 0.2X, a 1/2" CCD, and a 14" display, the comprehensive magnification would be around 88.9X.
Finally, the **field of view (FOV)** is determined by dividing the sensor size by the optical magnification. This helps in selecting the right lens to cover the desired area. Understanding these calculations ensures that the machine vision system is properly configured for its intended application.
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