With the dramatic increase in connection reliability and transmission speed, LTE is rapidly developing around the world. According to data from the Global Mobile Suppliers Association (GSA), more than 318 LTE networks are currently in commercial use in 111 countries and regions.
There is one commonality in all of these LTE networks that have been commercialized and planned, and they also need to implement multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) requirements for LTE. The demand for these MIMOs will extend to base stations and terminal equipment. In the case of terminal equipment, MIMO has become a challenge for several reasons, including the need for multiple antennas, the trend of continuous thinning, unprecedented frequency band separation, operator preference for low frequencies, and lack of experience in RF design.
3G requires only one antenna, while MIMO technology requires at least two antennas. The number of antennas will increase as MIMO is designed to 4 & TImes; 4 and 8 & TImes; Finding space becomes more difficult for multiple LTE antennas, including 3G/2G spare antennas, GPS, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and NFC. High-end MIMO designs are in conflict with thinner devices.
As devices become thinner and lighter, the interior space of smartphones and tablets is shrinking by 25% per year. The display and battery are given the highest priority, while processors, memory, antenna systems and other components can only compete for the remaining space. On the one hand, it is a thinner trend. On the other hand, MIMO and low-band (such as 700MHz) require a larger physical antenna configuration, which meets both requirements, which is for OEMs and their The design team brings pressure that cannot be ignored.
LTE has more than 40 operating bands covering 450MHz to 2.7GHz, and about half of it is already used in existing devices. To establish global LTE roaming for smartphones or tablets, it is necessary to support at least 40 frequency bands, and downgrade to the corresponding 3G standard in areas not covered by LTE. In these bands, even in any small subset of the bands, it is challenging to find the antenna space for the necessary 2&TImes; 2 or more MIMO, plus antennas such as Wi-Fi and other technologies. It is even more difficult.
Operators are always eager for lower capital expenditures (CapEx) and operating costs (OpEx), so the low frequency band is their best choice. The usual experience is that lower frequency and lower density base stations will bring better benefits to operators. The lower frequency band also provides better indoor coverage, such as 700MHz, which also accommodates the needs of the rapidly growing Internet of Things (IoT) market, providing a good wireless network, which is also a guarantee of user satisfaction. The essential. Operators are currently focusing on the future use of the 600MHz band. However, lower frequency bands also require larger physical size antennas, which makes OEMs and their RF suppliers more creative when placing antennas in their thinner and lighter smartphones. IoT devices also have antenna space limitations.
As the popularity of LTE technology increases, so does the pressure on equipment vendors to add LTE to their products. Just because the learning curve that follows the new technology is enough to challenge experienced smartphone vendors. For many vendors with little or no experience in M2M and IoT, there are more challenges in implanting cellular technology into their products.
OEMs and their RF suppliers are not just about meeting these challenges, but more importantly, using innovative solutions to work more efficiently while gaining an edge in market differentiation.
Active Antenna and RF Solutions: For greater flexibility, reliability and performance
Active antenna systems can help OEMs and their RF suppliers work more efficiently. Active systems offer greater flexibility in design and performance compared to traditional passive antennas. In fact, the active antenna is the easiest way to adapt to LTE's band separation and MIMO requirements. It not only satisfies operators' preference for low frequency, but also helps to meet increasingly thinner devices.
A single active antenna can cover two or more LTE bands, even those that are far apart, such as band 17 (704MHz to 746MHz) and band 41 (2496MHz to 2690MHz). Single-feed acTIve antennas have been developed to cover all LTE bands from 698MHz to 2700MHz. This flexibility allows more operators to develop an evolved version of LTE (LTE-Advanced), which is capable of carrier aggregation. LTE-Advanced is even more challenging when separate bands become farther away. System designers are increasingly choosing active antenna systems to address this challenge.
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