In a major breakthrough, quantum secure direct communication (QSDC), initially developed by Chinese scientists, has made significant progress in practical applications. On the 14th, a joint research team from Tsinghua University and Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications revealed that after announcing a theoretical solution for QSDC using quantum memory in June this year, they successfully achieved secure quantum information transfer over a 500-meter fiber for the first time.
Quantum communication encompasses various techniques, including quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum secret sharing, and quantum secure direct communication. While the former two use quantum principles to encrypt data, the encrypted messages are still transmitted through traditional channels, limiting their capacity to one message at a time. In contrast, quantum secure direct communication, pioneered by Professor Long Guilu from Tsinghua University, allows for the direct and secure transmission of original information using quantum mechanics.
This technology relies on quantum entanglement—a phenomenon where two particles become interconnected, regardless of distance. When one particle is measured, it instantly affects the state of the other. By utilizing pairs of entangled particles, QSDC can determine the security of the communication channel based on the state of one particle, enabling safe transmission through the other.
Zhang Wei, along with collaborators Zhu Feng, Sheng Yubo, and Huang Yidong, conducted experiments in a two-kilometer ring-shaped fiber network. They successfully demonstrated QSDC within 500 meters, and theoretical analysis suggests that under current conditions, tens of kilometers of secure communication could be achievable. According to Sheng Yubo, the results show that fiber-based QSDC can reach transmission rates comparable to existing commercial QKD systems. Although full commercialization still requires further improvements, this experiment marks a crucial step toward real-world implementation of quantum secure direct communication.
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