In today's fast-paced and high-stress society, more people are experiencing hair loss issues. Recent research has revealed that stem cells responsible for producing fat precursor cells play a crucial role in both fat growth and hair regeneration. These cells release a molecule known as PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor), which has been shown to restore hair growth in mice.
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a basic protein stored in platelet alpha granules. It is a low molecular weight mitogen that can stimulate various cell types, such as fibroblasts, glial cells, and smooth muscle cells, to re-enter the cell cycle when they are in the G0/G1 phase. First discovered in 1974, PDGF was identified as a peptide regulator that promotes the growth of connective tissue cells. Its name comes from its origin in platelets. Under normal physiological conditions, PDGF is found in the alpha granules of platelets and is released when platelets become activated during blood clotting, exhibiting biological activity that promotes cell migration and proliferation.
In addition to platelets, macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and embryonic stem cells can also produce and release PDGF when tissue damage occurs. For example, when the liver is injured, macrophages, platelets, inflammatory cells, damaged endothelial cells, and activated hepatic stellate cells may secrete PDGF, playing roles in autocrine and paracrine signaling. The bound form of PDGF is a thermostable glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 30 kDa, composed of two polypeptide chains, A and B, linked by disulfide bonds.
The PDGF family includes not only PDGF but also vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Each member of this family can be produced by multiple cell types, and their receptors are all tyrosine kinase (RTK) type receptors. Key members of the PDGF family include PDGFA, PDGFB, PDGFC, PDGFD, placental growth factor (PGF), and vascular endothelial growth factors such as VEGF, VEGF41, VEGFB, VEGFC, FIGF (VEGFD), among others.
The most commonly studied form of PDGF is a homo- or heterodimer formed by the disulfide linkage of two polypeptide chains. This allows PDGF to exist in several dimeric forms, including PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, PDGF-AB, PDGF-CC, and PDGF-DD. The PDGF-A chain has a molecular weight of about 16 kDa, while the PDGF-B chain is around 14 kDa. The genes for these chains are located on chromosomes 7 and 22, respectively. PDGF-I (PDGF-AA) has a molecular weight of 31 kDa and contains 7% sugar, whereas PDGF-II (PDGF-BB) weighs 28 kDa and contains 4% sugar. Both consist of highly homologous A and B chains. In vivo, monocytes/macrophages are the primary cells that synthesize PDGF.
The Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ELISA Kit (http://) offers high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, with a short detection time and simple operation. To ensure reliable results, it is essential to follow the instructions carefully and use a microtiter plate reader for accurate measurement. This kit is ideal for researchers and laboratories looking for an efficient and effective method to detect PDGF levels in biological samples.
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