Surge current, also known as inrush current, is the maximum instantaneous current that flows into a power supply system at the moment it is turned on. This occurs because the input filter capacitors are rapidly charged, causing the surge current to be significantly higher than the steady-state input current. To ensure safe operation, the power supply must be designed to limit this surge so that components such as AC switches, rectifier bridges, fuses, and EMI filters can handle the stress without failure. Repeated power cycling should not lead to damage of the power supply or cause the fuse to blow. Proper design and component selection are essential to manage these high-current transients and maintain system reliability over time.
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