The machine data is the relevant data for adapting a CNC system to the specific settings required for a specific machine tool. The machine tool data is set when the CNC machine tool is shipped from the factory, and will be adjusted according to the specific conditions of the work site during installation and commissioning. After adjustment, how to protect the machine data becomes a very important issue.
At the maintenance site, the following situations often occur: due to insufficient understanding of the machine data and its effects, the data can be modified arbitrarily, so that the machine tool can not perform its due performance or malfunction; some users do not know the protection method of the machine data, resulting in machine data. Lost, causing machine malfunction. For example, if a VTC-20B three-axis machining center loses the zero position of the tool magazine, the position of the tool magazine is not accurate, and a knife accident occurs during the automatic machining.
Because the data protection methods of different CNC systems are different, this paper takes the SINUMERIK802D numerical control system as an example to analyze the function and protection of the machine data. The protection of machine data is as follows:
The protection of the machine data is related to the memory and storage location of the machine data, the starting method and method of the CNC system, and the backup method of the machine data.
(1) Machine data storage: In the SINUMERIK 802D system, there are two types of static storage SRAM and high-speed flash FLASHROM: static memory area stores working data (data can be modified), high-speed flash area stores fixed data, usually used as data backup area, factory Data area, plc order and text area, etc., and store system programs.
The data contents in the working data area are: machine data, tool data, zero offset, setting data, pitch compensation, R parameters, part program, fixed cycle, which is essential data to support the system work. The data content in the backup data area is that the system copies the entire contents of the working data area to the backup data area after the data storage operation, which is a protection for the data in the working data area. The contents of the factory data area are the standard data of the CNC system at the factory (the default value of the machine data). With this data alone, the system cannot support the work of a CNC machine. The PLC sequence and text save the user's built-in S7-200PLC program and PLC user alarm text.
(2) Startup method and startup mode of SINUMERIK802D system: The startup method of the system is divided into cold start and hot start. Cold start is a method of directly adding DC24V power to the system. Warm start is the method of restarting the system after the system has started running.
There are three startup modes for cold start and warm start: mode 0 (normal power-on start), mode 1 (default power-on), and mode 3 (power-on by storage data). The three startup modes of cold start are selected by the S1 mode selection switch on the system. The three startup modes of the hot start are selected by the system soft key.
1 mode 0 start (normal power-on start). That is, it starts with the data of the static memory area. When the power is turned on normally, the system detects the static memory. When the static memory is found to be powered down, if the internal data backup is done, the system automatically starts the backup data after loading the working data area; if no internal data backup has been done, the system will leave the factory. The data in the data area is written after the work data area is written.
2 mode 1 start (default value is powered on). Starting with SIEMENS factory data, the manufacturer's machine data is overwritten. At startup, the factory data is written to the working data area of ​​the static memory and started. After the startup, the 04060 has been loaded with the standard machine data alarm, and the alarm can be cleared after reset.
3 mode 3 start (press the storage data to power on). Start with the backup data in the high-speed flash FLASHROM. At startup, the backup data is written to the working data area of ​​the static memory and started. After the startup, the 04062 has been loaded with the backup data alarm, and the alarm can be cleared after reset.
(3) Data protection method of SINUMERIK 802D system: machine data is stored in static memory SRAM and high speed flash FLASHROM memory. The data of the high-speed flash memory of the FLASHROM memory is not required to be maintained. Only when the data is exchanged, the voltage is required. The data of the static memory SRAM needs voltage to be maintained. When the system is powered on, the voltage is supplied by the system. The voltage on the high-energy capacitor C is maintained, and it can maintain the data for not less than 50h in the case of power failure (generally, it can be about 7 days). If the machine is not powered for a long time, the data in the SRAM area will be lost. When re-powering, the system will automatically call the machine data stored in the backup data area (mode 3 start) during the startup process according to the condition of the capacitor C voltage. If no data storage has been done, the factory will be automatically called during the startup process. Data on the data area (mode 1 started).
When the system works, it works according to the data of the static memory SRAM area. The machine data and part processing program that we usually modify are in the SRAM area. If the data in the SRAM area is not backed up (data protection) is not safe, the SRAM area The data in it may be lost. In order to ensure that the CNC machine can work normally, it is very important to protect the data in the working data area.
Data protection is divided into on-board storage and off-board storage. The internal storage of the static memory SRAM area has been saved to the backup data area of ​​the high-speed flash memory. The off-board storage transfers the static memory SRAM area data to the computer through the RS232 serial port.
In-machine storage can be completed by pressing the system soft key, which is a convenient and fast data protection method without any other tools. However, because the data is backed up in the system, if the system cannot be started, the backup data will not work. To prevent various accidents, an off-board storage method can be used.
Off-site storage data is divided into two types: serial backup and partition backup. Series backup is to transfer all the data of the system in a certain sequence and contain some operation instructions (such as initializing the system, restarting the system, etc.), including: machine data, setting data, R parameters, tool parameters, zero offset Shift, pitch error compensation value, user alarm text, PLC user program, part machining program, fixed cycle. The advantage is that the backup is convenient, just transfer and save a file. However, it contains some special instructions, and different versions of the system are generally not universal.
Partition backup is to transfer and back up various data classifications of the system. It can be divided into four categories, each of which can transfer backups separately. The advantage is that the backed up files are not versioned and can be used universally for the convenience of the manufacturer. However, there are many backup files. If the backup is not complete, the system cannot be completely restored.
The machine data is the medium that matches the CNC system with the machine tool and the servo drive. It is the key to whether the CNC machine can play its working performance. It is very important to understand the role and protection of machine data and to ensure the normal operation of CNC machine tools.
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