At present, the lighting sources for tunnel lighting include high-pressure sodium lamps, fluorescent lamps, and metal halide lamps. Among them, high-pressure sodium has high lighting efficiency, low UV radiation, can be lit at any location, is shock-resistant, and has a long lifespan. It is widely used in tunnel lighting, especially in mountains outside cities, and fluorescent lamps, metal halide lamps, etc. have been used in urban tunnels in recent years. Lighting has also gained a lot of applications. LED is a light source that has developed rapidly in recent years. Its performance index such as light efficiency has rapidly increased and the price has dropped rapidly. Therefore, in the successful application of display, landscape lighting, etc., it has begun to be gradually applied in directional lighting such as road lighting.
The overall LED luminous efficiency has obvious advantages
The overall efficiency of the LED tunnel light is related to the light efficiency of the LED used, but also related to three factors: the utilization of light energy achieved by the secondary optical design, good heat dissipation to ensure the LED output luminous flux maintenance performance and the efficiency of the LED drive circuit . The efficiency of the above sections is the overall luminous efficacy of the LED tunnel lamp.
Through the study of the LED light-emitting mechanism, we can calculate that the LED's radiation spectral efficiency can reach 3501m/W. Because the LED light-emitting mechanism is a cold light source, and the spectrum in the radiation is all in the visible light range, the actual efficiency is expected to be closer to the theoretical value. Even considering the limitations of the process, actual LED luminous efficiency can reach a considerable value if it reaches half of the theoretical value. The improvement of light efficiency means the improvement of energy utilization efficiency. When the production technology of LED is mature, compared with the traditional tunnel lighting source, the energy-saving advantages of LED will be highlighted.
Second, compared with traditional light sources, LEDs are small in size and can be treated as point sources in many applications. This gives the optical design of the luminaire a great deal of flexibility. At the same time, due to the large size of the light source in the traditional light source lamps, the light source shielding and absorption effects do not exist in the LED lamps.
Finally, the LED emits light only to the half space, which means that without any form of reflector, the light emitted by the light source can also be directed toward the illuminated surface. This feature determines that the LED lamp has the effect of achieving 90% or more of the efficiency of the lamp. At the same time, a high luminous flux utilization rate can be achieved through a reasonable optical design.
The above are the possible advantages of LEDs for tunnel lighting in terms of overall light efficiency, but how to convert their advantages into practical applicable products still requires solving many technical problems. LED is a light source that differs greatly from conventional light sources such as high-pressure sodium lamps. For tunnel lighting, LEDs cannot simply be used to replace existing light sources, and LEDs cannot simply be illuminated for tunnel lighting. How to integrate the various components of the LED tunnel luminaire in order to achieve the maximum utilization of the luminous flux of the light source, and thus maximize the realization of lighting energy saving is the challenge we face.
Tunnel lighting fixture life
Due to the 24-hour lighting, the tunnel lighting is 8,760 hours a year, and the continuous lighting is about 35,000 hours in 4 years. Because the replacement of the lighting in the tunnel is very troublesome, the life requirements of the tunnel lighting are very high.
The main factors affecting the life of a lamp are the light source and the ballast (LED is a driver), and the lamps and glass have a long life. Traditional light sources include fluorescent lamps, metal halide lamps, and high-pressure sodium lamps, all of which have shorter lamp life than ballasts. Therefore, the replacement of lamps (bulbs) is often used to extend the overall life of the entire lamp. LED lamps, the theoretical life of LED devices is very long, its inference life of more than 30,000 hours, therefore, the life of the LED driver has become a bottleneck affecting the overall life.
In traditional light sources, electrodeless fluorescent lamps are used as a variant of fluorescent lamps. They have a long life and are generally considered to be up to 50,000 hours. However, their lighting is a high-frequency AC signal, and the corresponding ballast technology is more complex, so its life span is the main bottleneck.
LED tunnel light market application
From the trajectory of the development of the LED market and the continuous improvement of production technology, the current issue of restricting the promotion of LED lighting as a lighting source will be gradually resolved, and the application of LED in various lighting will be gradually popularized and in-depth. According to industry analysis, the LED price decline trend is reduced by half every 24 months. Therefore, with the rapid decline in the price of LEDs, compared with traditional light sources, the advantages of LEDs, such as high efficiency, easy use, good environmental protection, and long life, will be more prominent, especially in directional lighting, including tunnel lighting, etc. The field will be quickly promoted.
At present, most of the LEDs are also used in mountain highway tunnels. The application effects are different, there are still many problems in the application, such as large light attenuation, high junction temperature, unreasonable lamp structure, poor lighting uniformity, drive power supply life, uneven quality, etc., so when designing tunnel LED lighting applications It is necessary to strengthen system research and gradually form technical standards to ensure the feasibility of LED application in tunnel engineering.
The overall LED luminous efficiency has obvious advantages
The overall efficiency of the LED tunnel light is related to the light efficiency of the LED used, but also related to three factors: the utilization of light energy achieved by the secondary optical design, good heat dissipation to ensure the LED output luminous flux maintenance performance and the efficiency of the LED drive circuit . The efficiency of the above sections is the overall luminous efficacy of the LED tunnel lamp.
Through the study of the LED light-emitting mechanism, we can calculate that the LED's radiation spectral efficiency can reach 3501m/W. Because the LED light-emitting mechanism is a cold light source, and the spectrum in the radiation is all in the visible light range, the actual efficiency is expected to be closer to the theoretical value. Even considering the limitations of the process, actual LED luminous efficiency can reach a considerable value if it reaches half of the theoretical value. The improvement of light efficiency means the improvement of energy utilization efficiency. When the production technology of LED is mature, compared with the traditional tunnel lighting source, the energy-saving advantages of LED will be highlighted.
Second, compared with traditional light sources, LEDs are small in size and can be treated as point sources in many applications. This gives the optical design of the luminaire a great deal of flexibility. At the same time, due to the large size of the light source in the traditional light source lamps, the light source shielding and absorption effects do not exist in the LED lamps.
Finally, the LED emits light only to the half space, which means that without any form of reflector, the light emitted by the light source can also be directed toward the illuminated surface. This feature determines that the LED lamp has the effect of achieving 90% or more of the efficiency of the lamp. At the same time, a high luminous flux utilization rate can be achieved through a reasonable optical design.
The above are the possible advantages of LEDs for tunnel lighting in terms of overall light efficiency, but how to convert their advantages into practical applicable products still requires solving many technical problems. LED is a light source that differs greatly from conventional light sources such as high-pressure sodium lamps. For tunnel lighting, LEDs cannot simply be used to replace existing light sources, and LEDs cannot simply be illuminated for tunnel lighting. How to integrate the various components of the LED tunnel luminaire in order to achieve the maximum utilization of the luminous flux of the light source, and thus maximize the realization of lighting energy saving is the challenge we face.
Tunnel lighting fixture life
Due to the 24-hour lighting, the tunnel lighting is 8,760 hours a year, and the continuous lighting is about 35,000 hours in 4 years. Because the replacement of the lighting in the tunnel is very troublesome, the life requirements of the tunnel lighting are very high.
The main factors affecting the life of a lamp are the light source and the ballast (LED is a driver), and the lamps and glass have a long life. Traditional light sources include fluorescent lamps, metal halide lamps, and high-pressure sodium lamps, all of which have shorter lamp life than ballasts. Therefore, the replacement of lamps (bulbs) is often used to extend the overall life of the entire lamp. LED lamps, the theoretical life of LED devices is very long, its inference life of more than 30,000 hours, therefore, the life of the LED driver has become a bottleneck affecting the overall life.
In traditional light sources, electrodeless fluorescent lamps are used as a variant of fluorescent lamps. They have a long life and are generally considered to be up to 50,000 hours. However, their lighting is a high-frequency AC signal, and the corresponding ballast technology is more complex, so its life span is the main bottleneck.
LED tunnel light market application
From the trajectory of the development of the LED market and the continuous improvement of production technology, the current issue of restricting the promotion of LED lighting as a lighting source will be gradually resolved, and the application of LED in various lighting will be gradually popularized and in-depth. According to industry analysis, the LED price decline trend is reduced by half every 24 months. Therefore, with the rapid decline in the price of LEDs, compared with traditional light sources, the advantages of LEDs, such as high efficiency, easy use, good environmental protection, and long life, will be more prominent, especially in directional lighting, including tunnel lighting, etc. The field will be quickly promoted.
At present, most of the LEDs are also used in mountain highway tunnels. The application effects are different, there are still many problems in the application, such as large light attenuation, high junction temperature, unreasonable lamp structure, poor lighting uniformity, drive power supply life, uneven quality, etc., so when designing tunnel LED lighting applications It is necessary to strengthen system research and gradually form technical standards to ensure the feasibility of LED application in tunnel engineering.
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