What is a directory?
In Windows, the root directories are C:\, D:\, E:\, F:\ and so on. But how does Linux handle this?
Understanding the file storage structure in Linux is essential for anyone working with the system. Each directory has a specific purpose and plays an important role in organizing files and system resources.
So what do these directories actually mean in Linux? Let’s break it down.
One of the fundamental concepts in Linux is the difference between absolute paths and relative paths. An absolute path starts from the root directory and provides the full location of a file or folder. For example: First, fly to China, take the airport express train to Sanyuan Bridge from Beijing Capital Airport, then transfer to Line 10 to Panjiayuan Station. After exiting the station, take bus No. 34 to Nongguang. Turn left after getting off the bus.
On the other hand, a relative path refers to the location of a file or folder in relation to your current position. For instance: Turn left at the front intersection.
This concept is crucial when navigating the file system and writing scripts or commands.
In Linux, everything is treated as a file—this includes hardware devices. Physical devices like hard drives, USBs, and even network interfaces are represented as files in the system. The udev device manager automatically assigns names to these devices, making it easier for users to identify them. This helps in understanding the device's function just by its name. Additionally, udev runs as a background service (daemon) that listens for kernel events and manages device files in the /dev directory.
Nowadays, IDE devices are rare. Most modern systems use SATA or SCSI-based devices, which are typically named starting with /dev/sd. These are usually labeled as a, b, c, and so on, depending on the order they are detected.
For example:
As you can see, each disk is assigned a letter, such as sda, sdb, etc.
Do you understand the image a bit better now?
Let’s take a quick look at how hard disks work. A hard disk is divided into many small sectors, each with a capacity of 512 bytes. The first sector, known as the Master Boot Record (MBR), contains critical information such as the boot code and the partition table. The MBR itself is 512 bytes in size, with 446 bytes allocated for the boot code, 64 bytes for the partition table, and 2 bytes for the signature.
Each entry in the partition table takes up 16 bytes, allowing only four primary partitions to be defined. These are the four primary partitions shown in the diagram.
But what if we need more than four partitions? That’s where extended partitions come into play. An extended partition acts as a container that can hold multiple logical partitions. This allows users to create more than four partitions on a single disk.
The process works by having one of the primary partition slots point to the extended partition, which then holds the logical partitions.
This structure gives greater flexibility in managing disk space and organizing data.
The function of the steel cross arm is to support distribution transformers, fuses, isolating links, and other line equipment.
Steel cross arms of different configurations are used on overhead lines, transmission towers, transmission lines, wood poles, utility poles, power poles, and light poles.
To make the steel cross arm more stable, there will be two cross arm braces to support the main cross arm by delta connection.
Steel cross arms of different configurations are used on overhead lines, transmission towers, transmission lines, wood poles, utility poles, power poles, and light poles.
To make the steel cross arm more stable, there will be two cross arm braces to support the main cross arm by delta connection.
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