It is expected that within 1 to 5 years, "smart LED lighting" integrating sensing and detection, intelligence, communication and control will grow significantly. ON Semiconductor's expertise and technology in industrial applications provides companies with a unique position to help develop the "smart lighting" market.
The degree of intelligence of LED lighting systems is a concern. LED lighting can reduce energy consumption and maintenance costs, and intelligent LED lighting design can further improve system performance in two ways: get better performance per watt and reduce long-term operating costs. Energy measurement, ambient light detection and communication are the basis of intelligent LED lighting design: energy measurement provides the system's healthy operation and energy consumption information; ambient light detection can reduce the actual lighting time of LEDs, save energy and extend diode life; communication function will Each light source is connected together for maintenance identification and system level coordination. This article will explore the impact of each part of the circuit on the overall system.
introduction
Imagine a marathon in hot, hazy weather, saving a little bit of body consumption, which is crucial to the outcome of the game. Usually, when the schedule is less than half, it seems that you have already won the game. The front runners seem to be unsurpassed because these players can run farther with less physical energy. The front runners are radiant and radiant, and they remain calm and in good shape during the heat and competition. However, can these players really keep pace in the second half of the game and continue to lead? Among the well-trained and fiercely competitive athletes, talent and potential can only be played. To be successful, you need to consume huge potential on the road. Can the current leader be able to tap the potential, apply strategies, respond to various natural environments, and finally get what they want? Time and wisdom will explain everything.
Now, you might ask me: "What does the marathon have to do with LEDs? Do you really know what you are talking about?" I think so. Just as a strong player leads the marathon, LEDs are far ahead in the field of energy-efficient lighting. Compared to incandescent and fluorescent lighting, LEDs have the main technical advantage of lower energy consumption, longer life, and better control of lighting color and direction.
It is estimated that the US energy consumption in 2010 will account for 19% of electricity; 1 by 2030, the annual lighting energy consumption will reach 767 TWh. 2 For our special marathon leader, this is a good opportunity! By 2030, LED lighting can reduce power consumption by 25%. 2 In addition, because LEDs last five times longer than other lighting solutions and contain no harmful substances, LEDs can reduce the amount of solid waste and types formed by lighting. It may even be necessary to replace the LEDs, but only when the building is being remodeled. Not only that, but the ability to fine-tune colors with red, green, and blue (RGB) LEDs also provides new opportunities for quality and creativity. The ultimate use of LEDs will not only be limited to space lighting, but will be more suitable for new styles and installations.
LED intelligence - the key to winning the game
How will LEDs reach their full potential? There is no doubt that the first obstacle is the price. The current cost of LEDs is much higher than existing lighting solutions. Energy efficiency is often not enough to convince price-sensitive companies and consumers to buy more expensive products. Over time, large-scale production may lower prices, but can the cost be lowered enough and the price reduction rate meets user expectations? These are all uncertain factors and are open to question. Of course, these issues are beyond the scope of this article. If we just look for two hardware stores and try to find the same LED lights, this may be very difficult. Many retailers don't have enough varieties or quantities of stock just to attract consumers who are sparse. Why? This involves price and inventory turnover. So what does this mean for us engineers and innovators? How do we make LED lighting reach its potential? How to win this marathon?
If we give the LED "mind" to make it smart, put these eyes on the eyes, throat, counting and other functions. Designing valuable semiconductor materials in the field of lighting will optimize energy efficiency, extend lighting life, and reduce maintenance costs. This will help the LED run a complete schedule, stick to the end, and win the game with wisdom.
Key elements of LED intelligence
Ambient light detection, communication and energy measurement are key elements of an intelligent lighting system. Ambient light detection allows the light to be dimmed when other sources have provided sufficient illumination; in addition, the color of the advanced RGB LED illumination system can be adjusted by detecting the color of the ambient light. The communication function allows remote control and connects small, large lighting units into a central network. Energy measurement accurately calculates the power consumed and provides system insight for predictive maintenance. All of these features - ambient light detection, communication, and energy measurement - will further save energy and reduce operating costs. This article explores key design considerations for adding ambient light detection, communications (including wireless and power lines), and energy measurement capabilities to LED lighting systems. A reference design example is provided.
An ambient light sensor (ALS) detects the amount of light in the vicinity of the sensor. These simple devices become the "eyes" of LED lighting systems and are also the key to energy savings. When the room has sufficient light source, the lighting is completely unnecessary, and the light can be dimmed or completely turned off, reducing power consumption and extending the life of the light. Key features of ALS include power consumption, lumen monitoring range, and IR and UV filtering. These sensors must be quietly in the system and do not consume excessive power, thus damaging the original intention of saving system energy. Good ALS current consumption is less than 1μA. The lumen detection range must reach the typical lumen range of the outdoor environment. 0.1lx to 100,000lx is generally sufficient for most applications. Considering system reliability, it may be necessary to adopt a slightly larger range. IR and UV filtering eliminates the spectrum of invisible light in real systems.
Light detection
The ALS design in the light source shown in Figure 13. The sensor must avoid the light from the illuminator itself and avoid the effects of ambient light measurements. In this design, the ALS is on a separate board in the shadow of the light fixture. This simple design allows the ALS to turn off the light when it detects ambient light above a preset value. RGB sensors can even add more “features†to lighting applications. Similar to the LED lighting system with RGB LEDs and ALS shown in the picture, the color output can be dynamically adjusted to meet specific application needs, such as stage lighting or The display effect of department stores.
Figure 1: The ALS is mounted on a separate PCB in the shadow of the light fixture to prevent the sensor from reading the light intensity of the light itself.
Communication
Below, we discuss the intelligent communication of LEDs. The ear and throat are the most important functions for intelligent LED lighting. By simply illuminating the lights, you can control the lights on, off, or dim through the network, which reduces energy consumption. Communication also provides quick feedback on power outages, maintenance, and contingency, which will save overall system maintenance costs. Wireless and wired communications work well in different environments, depending on network size and topology. Wireless is more suitable for small indoor and large outdoor applications, which require continuous line of sight, available frequency bands, and sufficient transmission power. Power line communication (PLC) utilizes existing power lines for communication. PLC is ideal for large-scale municipal lighting, tunnels, indoor parking lots, etc., where natural light cannot be used due to physical location or building walls. Reliability is the key to all communication references. If the communication fails, the system is not beneficial.
In wireless applications, the signal transmission method may be Wi-Fi, ZigBee, or other standard protocols that are often, but not limited to, industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) radio frequencies. Limiting power consumption provides network flexibility, which is critical if the endpoint uses a battery. Figure 2 shows a unique application where the light switch is equipped with an energy harvesting radio frequency (RF) transceiver. The system collects energy for the toggle switch, produces a usable DC voltage, and supports radio communication for the lighting fixture (1 GHz RF). The switch can be placed anywhere in the room as long as the signal can cover the light source. No need to connect lighting switches, the interior design is more flexible and the lighting control is more reliable.
Figure 2: Building automation application where the light switch has an energy-free RF transceiver that requires no wiring to control LED lighting
The PLC lighting control method utilizes the existing power supply line and is a high price option. The PLC avoids many hassles, such as shared communication frequencies, performance in bad weather, and network maintenance, due to communication through well-maintained existing power lines. Range, speed and reliability are the keys to designing a PLC.
The noise of the power line is extremely large, which affects the reliability of system communication. G3-PLC communication is a new PLC standard based on OFDM, which enables reliable communication of power lines. The standard supports speeds up to 300kbps, mesh networking and reliable modes in noisy environments, making it ideal for LED control networks. The lighting network based on OFDM and PLC control is similar to the existing G3-PLC.
Figure 3 shows Nyx Hemera Technologies' PLC unit 4 for tunnel lighting, which has saved 25% of electrical energy and reduced maintenance costs by 30%. The large facility system supports up to 1022 illuminating lights with a communication distance of up to 3km. .
Figure 3: Example of a municipal street light network using PLC
Energy measurement
Smart LED lights also need to have power calculation capabilities. From smart meters to voltage controllers to electric car chargers, each smart grid device has a power measurement function that provides accurate power usage information to power companies and users in real time. Most lighting fixtures that send back power to provide detailed information about the building and municipal lighting environment ensure that the power company's charges and power consumption are strictly consistent. Respond to user needs in a timely and accurate manner by dimming or turning off the lights when not in use. In addition, the power consumption fluctuations of a particular illuminator indicate that system maintenance, maintenance, or replacement is required. There is no doubt that many lights are in hard-to-reach areas, and optimized maintenance saves money. To generate useful data in the smart grid, the energy measurement design must maintain high precision measurements over a wide range of currents. Not only that, limiting or eliminating calibration time also reduces overall system cost. Figure 4 shows a flexible LED lighting reference design with energy measurement. 5 energy measurement chip also provides system dimming and DALI interface.
Non-intelligent LED lighting is currently installed in many cities, which provides a huge opportunity for integrated modules that improve the performance of LED lighting. To be scalable, these systems need to be connected to an intelligent lighting system. If the cost and capacity of the LED are certain, simply replacing the relatively new and more efficient LEDs is less cost effective. Simple interfaces, such as DALI, allow for increased ALS, communication, and energy measurement capabilities in the future.
Figure 4: Complete smart LED lighting reference design with power measurement, ambient light detection and communication capabilities.
The last winner
What does this mean for us? The recognition and conversion of LED lighting by consumers is a long-term process. Obviously, LED lighting has the potential to change the way lighting is done and save a lot of power. Increasing the key elements of "smart" lighting -- ALS, communications and energy measurement -- will make LEDs more powerful and attractive. The measurement data provided by intelligent LEDs can further reduce the energy consumption of the lighting system and reduce operating and maintenance costs. With the addition of intelligent design, LEDs will fully realize their potential to beat traditional lighting in a race that is already in full swing.
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