When a PLC performs input/output processing, analog control, and position control, it requires numerous data registers to store data and parameters. These data registers are 16-bit in size, with the most significant bit serving as the sign bit. For handling 32-bit data, two data registers can be combined, maintaining the same structure where the most significant bit is still the sign bit.
There are several types of data registers:
1. **General-purpose data registers (D0 to D199)** consist of 200 registers in total. When M8033 is turned ON, these registers have power-off protection, meaning their contents are preserved even after a power failure. However, when M8033 is OFF, they lose all stored data during a power outage or when the PLC transitions from RUN to STOP mode.
2. **Power-off hold registers (D200 to D7999)** contain 7,800 registers in total. Among them, D200 to D511 (a total of 312 registers) have the power-off hold function. This function can be enabled or disabled through external device parameter settings. Additionally, D490 to D509 are reserved for communication purposes. Registers from D512 to D7999 cannot be modified via software to enable or disable the power-off hold function, but their contents can be cleared manually. Data registers above D1000 can be configured as file registers depending on system settings.
3. **Special data registers (D8000 to D8255)** number 256 in total. These registers are used to monitor the internal status of the PLC, such as scan time, battery voltage, and other operational parameters. Some of these registers are undefined and should not be used by the user. For detailed information, refer to the PLC’s user manual.
4. **Index registers (V and Z)**: The Mitsubishi FX2N series includes 16 index registers, specifically V0 to V7 and Z0 to Z7, each being 16 bits. These registers function similarly to index registers in microcomputers, allowing dynamic addressing of components. For example, if V0 contains the value 5, then executing D20V0 would reference D25 (D20 + 5). Index registers can be read and written just like regular data registers. For 32-bit operations, V and Z can be used together, with Z representing the lower 16 bits and V the higher 16 bits.
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