1 Natural environmental factors
The natural environment is an extremely complex and rich natural complex. There are many areas that have not yet been recognized by people, or they are not well understood. It is waiting to be discovered and explored. The natural environment discussed here focuses on the natural environment directly related to the biosphere, which is the natural environment directly associated with landscape lighting. According to the nature of environmental constituent factors and their adaptation to humans, the natural environment can be divided into physical environment, chemical environment, biological environment and social environment.
1.1 Physical environment
The constituent elements of the physical environment include temperature, airflow, air pressure, sound, light, radiation, and the like. When these factors are in a natural state, they will give people direct stimulation, and people will get the feelings and respond to them. Among these factors, the direct contact with landscape lighting design is “lightâ€. Light is a language that expresses the design philosophy and artistic pursuit of lighting designers; light is a hidden software that controls the functional operation of cities and buildings and the interpretation of images and colors; Dimensional space." Therefore, landscape lighting designers should take the initiative to understand light, observe light, use light, actively participate in the design of light environment, integrate light into their own planning and creation, and add “light†to cities and buildings. "color".
1.2 Chemical environment
The constituent elements of the chemical environment include air and various gases, water, dust, chemicals, and the like. The oxidation of the lamps by the air, the corrosion of the water by the lamps, and the obstruction of the dust by the light all have an impact on the final result of the landscape design. Therefore, when designing lighting fixtures, landscape lighting designers are required to have a waterproof and dust level that meets certain standards, that is, the IP protection level usually mentioned.
1.3 Biological environment
The biological environment is composed of animals, plants, and microorganisms, and human beings as creatures are naturally included. When a building needs to be landscape lighting design, it must also take into account the species, growth and distribution of local flora and fauna, current and future developments. While designing the lighting of the building itself, it is also necessary to assist the surrounding flowers, trees, rest facilities, etc. to form a complete lighting landscape.
1.4 Social environment
The social environment refers to the human environment centered on interpersonal relationships. It covers a wide range of content and has a certain impact on landscape lighting design.
2 Human environmental factors
The humanistic environment is a very comprehensive and comprehensive ecological environment unique to human society, including politics, culture, art, science, religion, aesthetics and so on. The perfect human environment must be in line with nature and protect and perfect the natural environment. The environment is a reflection of cultural heritage, and culture is slowly affecting the environment. For a city, the fixed environment should include roads, buildings, gardens, lights, lawns, etc. However, when people are integrated into it, there is liquidity. The communication between people and the environment can take away the culture of the environment, and the environment will also have an impact on people's ideas. This is the relationship we often refer to in the movements of static, static, dynamic, and static.
The human environment is one of the most important factors affecting lighting design. The design made by the lighting designer is actually creating an atmosphere, a culture that is ready to go. This culture is an objective existence, and you may not be able to see it, but you can feel it from it and simultaneously deduct it. Your feelings affect your mood. Too many roads, buildings and landscape lighting in modern cities always feel a bit blunt as a whole. In fact, because lighting emphasizes technicality too much, it ignores the state of culture and makes people feel passively accepting things. The focus of lighting should be nature and harmony, so designers should consider the layout, lines, colors, proportions, scales, texture, light, rhythm and rhythm of roads, buildings and landscapes in order to make the viewers take the initiative. To find, excavate, experience, and ponder the taste of it. The designer's job is to create a comfortable environment and atmosphere, to guide people to the beautiful side, let people take the initiative to pursue the beautiful, give people a comfortable and relaxed mood.
The areas of poor humanities are light pollution, visual pollution, color pollution, and psychological pollution. From the perspective of the lighting of the existing lighting settings, there are four main aspects:
(1) The color of the light used in the illuminated area and the object, the surface illuminance and the function, nature and environment of the illuminated area and the object are uncoordinated, making people feel uncomfortable;
(2) Setting the lighting fixtures in a large-area light-emitting manner regardless of the occasion, resulting in no layering and three-dimensionality of the objects being illuminated, causing light pollution and seriously disturbing people's normal life;
(3) Large buildings use a large number of high-power floodlights. Due to factors such as projection direction and projection angle, about one-third to one-half of the light hits the sky, forming a light column and making the city sky. Light pollution has seriously affected astronomical observations and aircraft landings;
(4) Some lamps installed in gardens, green spaces, roads, sculptures, and landscapes have glare that interferes with pedestrians, vehicles, and tourists who rest and entertain in the area, which not only damages the resting environment but also jeopardizes driving safety.
With the progress of society and the standardization of management, we believe that they will be cured. At the same time, we have the responsibility to promote the society, influence the environmental status, protect the environment, and protect ourselves.
3 Construction or investor factors
In the field of urban lighting, the diversification of investment subjects has led lighting designers to face many owners, that is, the market economy determines that the owners must take a different attitude toward the implementation of the lighting design project from the perspective of their respective economic interests: commercial The lighting owners, because the implementation of lighting can bring business opportunities to improve economic efficiency, so the enthusiasm is higher, but there is a phenomenon of mutual brightness, high and low, blindly increase lighting facilities. This has increased investment and undermined the overall artistic effect of the region. Non-commercial lighting owners, because the implementation of lighting has only economic input and no return on efficiency, so the enthusiasm is not high or the input is reduced as much as possible, which also affects the overall effect of the region. At the same time, due to the depth of understanding of the lighting and the differences between individual owners' thinking, consciousness, hobbies and aesthetic views, the colorful lighting effects have been formed. For example, the government office building actually uses green light to make people feel horrible. Not the solemnity and solemnity of the government building. In fact, different light colors should be used for different lighting objects. Color is closely related to people's emotions. For example, blue makes people feel peaceful and satisfied. Yellow gives people a sense of brilliance and excitement. Red makes people eager to win and rejuvenate. The red and green interweaving makes people feel strong, reliable and determined. The faint blue color can make people feel safe and self-respecting. The warm colors such as red, orange and yellow can make people excited, the atmosphere is warm, etc. Under normal circumstances, the lighting source should be cautious with cool colors such as green, blue and purple. It is easy to use improperly. Make people feel gloomy and cold.